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Ron Hel-Or asked:


The PDA phone revolution is here. Only a few years ago, many of us used to carry around a cell phone as well as a PDA, and suffered form the “too much a handle” syndrome. The PDA as well as the cell-phone manufacturers saw this development, and sensed that people need something else. Their answer was to come out with a PDA phone, or a smartphone. This sophisticated device integrates a PDA with a cell phone and allows you to stay on to of things without getting over-whelmed. The smart phone will enable you to:

1. Keep one calendar instead of two.

2. Talk to people on the phone and check things on your email on the web at the same time. This saves a lot of time and returned phone calls.

3. Carry less

4. Upgrade just one device instead of two, when it’s time to upgrade.

5. Look sharper than ever!

So after we talked about the many advantages of having a smartphone, how do you find the Best PDA Phones and choose the one for you?

There are quite a few smartphone manufacturers – iPAQ, Palm-Treo and BalckBerry to name a few.

When ever you look for a PDA phone, pay attention to theses parameters:

1. Is it compact and light? some smartphones are just heavy and awkward to handle. You don’t need that. Go for a light and thin device that won’t be a burden.

2. Is it easy operate? Some PDA phones have complicated menus that require you to invest a lot of effort. Take a good look at how the PDA phone in operated and look for one that is easy.

3. Does it use standard software? – most smartphones are. But just check to be sure. You don’t want a smartphone that is “spoiled” and needs special software and accessories to operate at a basic level. For instance, prefer one that uses an operating system like the Palm OS.

4. Is the phone working well? There is a fine balance between the PDA and the Phone parts in any phone PDA. The Best PDA Phones balance that well and both parts work perfectly, and are fully integrate. Make sure yours does.

5. Do you feel comfortable with it? Perhaps the most important one of all. If you’re not comfortable with the device, it deosn’t really matter if it’s considered the best in the market, does it? Choose the one you feel good about.

Taking a good look at the variety of smartphonmes as well as reading reviews and consulting with owners is good practice. It will ensure you come up with the Best PDA Phones on the market, from which you can choose yours.

John Daniel123 asked:


Today mobile phones are the necessities of every one. Every one wants to have a mobile phone full of latest and newborn technologies. Only few years ago, mobiles were not latest and full of newborn technology. It was a dream to have a latest mobile and newborn technologies as 3G, GPRS and Bluetooth were only imagination. Mobile phones are used for communication only. Now 3G, GPRS and Bluetooth have changed the thinking of every one about the mobiles. Now mobiles are not only used for communication but also for various purposes such as internet, video clippings, photography, entertainment, FM, music and so on.

Mobile phone is an electronic device, which keeps you in touch with your friends, relatives and rest of the world. In other words, the easy communication technology is in your fist. Different companies as Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, LG and many others have come in mobile world and are manufacturing the latest mobile phones. Some best advantage of new mobiles as Mega-pixel camera, MMS, Internet, Software (MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, HTML) have changed the communication method. But as the craze for mobiles is increasing, the competition is also increasing. Therefore, every mobile company is trying to do its best. And new mobile phones are coming in the market daily. Users want to get the mobile phones with cheap and best dealings. All the users want to get the mobile with easy and cheap tariff plans. Pay as you go, Cheap mobile phones contract mobile phones and SIM free mobile phones are few plans that are launched by the network providing companies.

In the mobile market, latest and full of newborn technology mobiles may be costly but cheap mobiles with all these technologies are available in the market too. Cheap mobile phones are one of them. You are to go in the mobile market and select any mobile set with the latest and attractive offers. Mobile phones are the best source of communication. You will find yourself in touch with rest of the world with the help of this small electronic device. Now mobile phones are the best source of capturing the beautiful moments of the life and view them with the different colours.

Polluk asked:


When it comes to the UK mobile market, there are several mobile manufacturers that are offering mobile phones to the users. Noteworthy among them are 3, HTC, BlackBerry and Motorola etc. All these companies are competing with each other to become the most trusted, influential and leading company in the present day mobile market. In this regard, they are even offering the multi-functional latest technology phones at very low prices to the users.

All the UK cheap mobile phones come with professional and multimedia features besides personal features. They are alluring the prospective phone buyers with their high-quality digital camera, video player, music player, Internet, multiple messaging services, games and FM radio features. The main intention of providing mobile phones at low prices is to retain the customers as well as to survive in this competitive world.

As the UK mobile market is flooded with different types of handsets, now, the users have got a very good opportunity to find a mobile phone of their own choice at an affordable price. The cheap mobile phones in UK are available with various deals like contract, SIM free and pay as you go. The contract deals are preferred the most by the worldwide users.

The users can select the best deal depending on their usage, budget and needs. Some of the renowned network providers in the UK market like Orange, Vodafone, T-Mobile, 3 Mobile and Virgin are offering free gifts, best deals and discounts on purchasing mobile phones. The users who go for contract deal mobile phones can get amazing free gifts like laptop, Sony PS3, LCD TV, 37-inch LCD TV, Xbox 360 Premium and Nintendo Wii. Some of the UK cheap mobile phones are the BlackBerry Pearl 8100, 8120, HTC Touch Diamond, Samsung U900 Soul and the Motorola RAZR2 V8.

The HTC Touch Diamond is an ideal instance for the UK cheap mobile phones as it comes preloaded with all the advanced technology features and is available at a reasonable price in the UK market. This fascinating phone has a wide 2.8 inches TFT touchscreen display with 65K colours that offers a high resolution of 480 x 640 pixels and comes along with TouchFLO 3D finger swipe navigation, Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate, Touch-sensitive navigation controls and Handwriting recognition. This smart handset comes embedded with 4 GB of user available memory, 192 MB of DDR SDRAM and 256 MB of ROM. It has a pocket office features which allow the users to find, edit and share all the windows format files like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, One Note besides getting embedded with PDF viewer functionality, at any time and from any place of the world. To offer all world class entertainments to its users, this stylish handset comes with a 3.2 mega pixels digital camera, video recorder, secondary VGA videocall camera, Stereo FM radio with RDS technology, MP3 player and Java games.

The mobile phone users, who decide to go for cheap mobile phones in UK market, should first compare all the low price phones that are available in the market. The best place to compare all the gadgets at one place is visiting online mobile stores. Just by surfing the related websites over the Internet, the users can find all the deals, prices, free gifts and discounts that are offered by the retailers and network providers of UK mobile market. Here, the users get chance to select the best mobile phone with right deal that satisfies their priorities of using a mobile phone. Moreover, these cheap handsets help their users to save their money on using a mobile phone. UK cheap mobile phones are the right options for the users, who desire to have the most sophisticated mobile phone at a very cheap price.

dylan asked:


Online mobile phone shops have created new avenues that cater to the requirements of the people. It displays the latest mobile phones and other accessories that would be available to the people.

Mobile shopping has become more advanced these days. Mobile phone shops cater to all the queries of the users related to their mobile. Ranging from the latest mobile phones to the ringtones, wallpaper to mobile accessories everything is now available to the users through a click of mouse .The online shops are affecting the business of the real phone shops in many ways. These online shops will also provide you with the updates of the latest mobile phones that are launched by various companies.

Mobile phone shops have undergone a lot of change these days. People no longer have to linger around from shop to shop or to various shopping complexes. The best way to purchase your favourite mobile phone is an online mobile phone shop. People can compare Payg and sim free mobile phones prices, features, of various brands and then avail the best handset that suits his requirement.

Mobile phones have really simplified our lives in many ways. It is now regarded as the most comfortable and convenient tool of communication. The mobile phones are no longer a mode of communication but also a mode of entertainment. These electronic gadgets comes loaded features like high-resolution cameras, serves the function of music player. The users can also access internet in their mobile phones and has various connectivity options

These online shops can be of great help, to the people who are in search of latest handsets. These shops offer the people with a compilation of mobile phones from various brands. People just have find to the mobile phone that suits their communication needs and then avail the best deal.

They can compare prices and the deals offered by various network providers to ensure that they avail the best handset. They can also get the benefits of gifts, discounts, incentives that are available through such deals. The online shops not only provide information of the latest mobile but also provide the reviews of the other users.

John Daniel123 asked:


If you are going to make contract with any network service provider, first of all you should confirm about network service. Network service is a considerable point with contract deal because sign a contract with some network service provider mean to be connected with the same network provider for at least 12 months whether, you are receiving good network coverage service or not. Sometimes, it happens that conversation comes to an end in the middle because of network problem but it is not a case of Orange network. With this network you can excellent network coverage service. So you can select Orange network for your LG cell phone without any hesitation.

 

In this way you can get not only good cell with contract LG mobile orange phone uk with sophisticated features but also excellent network service to enjoy hassle free communication with your kith and kin. Different beneficial schemes are also available with Orange network so that the customers can enjoy communication for hours without giving a thought of balance.

 

Orange network provides you cost reduction of calls without forcing you to sign a year-long contract Various handsets are available with Orange network so you can choose the best cell phone of your choice The free of charge service in receiving calls.

 

There are various deals which are provided with the name of animals.

 

Its Dolphin package offers you the chance of free text to any networks. Canary package plan permits you free even and weekend calls. The Racoon package plan gives you opportunity to make calls 15p per minute to any network.  With its Camel plan you can make call 5p to abroad.

 

In this way contract LG mobile orange network gives you freedom to stay in close connection to your near and dear ones on minimum cost. LG cell phones comes with innovative features and elegant looking in this way it is a good combination of excellent network service and the best cell phone

harinath asked:


MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

Mobile communication is the application of wireless technology in the access network. It offers many useful features,

• Easy installation for rapid roll out

• Proven platform with scalability

• Future proof

• Reliable and secure

• Mobility

It is a very rapidly growing and popular service which was revolutionised telecommunications. It has become a backbone for business success and efficiency. It connects subscribers to the public switched telephone network(PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper.it allows any body to communicate with any one while on the move.

Different technologies emerged for different types of requirements-coverage, capacity, mobility, bandwidth.

GSM

CDMA

CORDECT

PHS

AMPS,DAMPS

EVOLUTIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS:-

FIRST GENERATION(1G):ANALOG CELLULAR:-

The introduction to cellular systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s represented a quantum leap in mobile communication(especially in capacity and mobility). Semiconductor technology and microprocessors made smaller and lighter weight , and more sophisticated mobile systems a practical reality for many more users. These 1G cellular systems still transmit only analog voice information. The most prominent 1G systems are ANALOG MOBILE PHONE SYSTEM(AMPS), NORDIC MOBILE TELEPHONE(NMT) and TOTAL ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS(TACS). With the 1G mobile introduction, the mobile market showed annual growth rates of 30 to 50 percent, rising to nearly 20 million subscribers by 1990.

SECOND GENERATION(2G):MOBILE DIGITAL SYSTEMS:-

The development of 2G cellular systems was driven by the need to improve transmission quality, system capacity and coverage. Further advances in semiconductor technology and microwave devices brought digital transmission to mobile communications.sppech transmission still dominates the airways,but the demands for fax,short message and data transmissions are growing rapidly. Supplementary services such as fraud prevention and encrypting of user data have become standard features that are compatible to those in fixed networks. 2G cellular systems include GSM, DIGITAL AMPS(D-AMPS),CDMA and PERSONAL DIGITAL COMMUNICATION. Today multiple 1G and 2G standards are used in world wide mobile communications. Different standards serve different applications with different levels of mobility, capability and service area standards are used only in one country or region and most are in compatible.

2G TO 3G GSM: EVOLUTION:-

Phase 1 of the standardization of GSM 900mhz band was completed by the EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARD INSTITUTE (ETSI) in 1990 and included all necessary definitions for the GSM network operations. Several tele services and bearer services have been defined (including data transmission upto 9.6kbps), but only some very basic supplementary services offered. As a result, GSM standards were enhanced in phase 2 (1995) to incorporate a large variety of supplementary services that were compatible to digital fixed network integrated services digital network(ISDN) standards. In 1996, ETSI decided to further enhance gsm in annual phase 2 + releases that incorporate 3G capabilities.

LIMITATIONS IN 1G AND 2G SYSTEMS:-

• No global standards

• No common frequency band

• Low information bit rates

• Low voice quality

• No support of video

• Various categories of systems to meet specific requirements

figure shows the architecture of GSM.

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2000:-

IMT:-A future standard in which a single inexpensive mobile terminal can truly provide communications any time and any where. The main characteristics of 3G systems, known collectively as IMT-2000 are a single family of compatible standards that have following characteristics

• Used world wide

• Used for all mobile applications

• Support both packet witched(PS) and circuit switched(CS) data transmission

• Offer high data transfer rates 2MBPS.

• Offer high spectrum efficiency

IMT standards has made 17 proposals to meet the requirements of 2G systems.The most important IMT-2000 proposals are the UMTS (W-CDMA) as the successor to GSM,CDMA as the interim standard 95(IS 95) successor and time division synchronous(TD-SCDMA), UNIVERSAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS-136(UWC 136/EDGE) as TDMA based enhancements to DAMPS/GSM all of which are leading previous standards toward the

ultimate goal of IMT 2000. The goals of the services to be provided in 3G systems by IMT 200 is shown in figure The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is now the world’s most successful wireless standard. Recent figures indicate that GSM has more than 100 million subscribers in 120 countries and attracts more than five million new users every month. There are nearly 300 GSM system operators worldwide. Current wireless or mobile systems, despite their evolution, are still constrained in terms of the data rate they can offer and their flexibility to manipulate complex, yet user-friendly multimedia services. This need presents the opportunity to the mobile radio, IT, and consumer electronics communities to offer users a mobile system capable of managing and delivering a much wider range of information services to the mass market. Elements of this opportunity include:

• An industry-wide and government commitment across the world;

• A coordinated program including spectrum, standards, and technology; and

• Synergy of communications, IT, and media workings to bring about global opportunities for businesses and consumers, while creating new ways of doing business, entertaining and informing.

A new mobile system for worldwide use is now being developed to enhance and supersede current systems. The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) will be an enhanced digital communications system that will provide universal communications to anyone, regardless of their whereabouts. UMTS will allow for wireless Internet access, video-conferencing, and other bandwidth intensive applications. Benefits from this new system of wireless communications are expected to be:

• Support to existing mobile services and fixed telecommunications services up to 2Mb/s;

• Support to unique mobile services such as navigation, vehicle location, and road traffic information services, which will become increasingly important in world market;

• The ability to enable the use of the system terminal from multiple environments – in the home, the office, and in the public environments -in both rural areas and city centers; and

• Provision of a range of mobile terminals – from a low cost pocket telephone to sophisticated terminals to provide advanced video and data services .

UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS(UMTS):-

INTRODUCTION:-

In January1998, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) decided on a single air interface standard for the proposed Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The system is one of the major new third-generation mobile systems being developed within the framework that has been defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and is known as IMT-2000. UMTS has been the subject of intense worldwide efforts on research and development throughout the past decade. The system has the support of many major telecommunications operators and manufacturers because it represents a unique opportunity to create a mass market for highly personalized and user-friendly mobile access to today’s information society. The system seeks to build on and extend the capability of today’s mobile, cordless, and satellite technologies by providing increased capacity and data capability as well as a far greater range of services using an innovative radio access scheme and an enhanced, evolving core network.The system will be a member of a new family of mobile telecommunications systems being developed by the ITU for deployment across the world. While using different radio frequencies in different countries, every system will offer the same set of features to users. This will allow handsets to be developed that can be carried from country to country as the user travels.

The key difference between this system and previous mobile (wireless) systems, such as GSM, is that the earlier systems were conceptually separate from the fixed (wire line) telephone network. The goal of this system is to integrate wire line and wireless systems to provide a universal communications service, such that a user can move from place to place while maintaining access to the sum set of services .

The system is intended to allow users to send and receive data at much higher bandwidths than supported by today’s GSM system. While on the move, users will be able to access remote systems at up to 144Kbps. When stationary, connections of up to 2Mbp/s will be supported through wireless access to networks, with much higher performance being possible by plugging the handset into a network socket .

ETSI has chosen aggressive timescales for the introduction of UMTS in order to meet the demands of customers. The target date for its introduction has been set as the year 2002. figure shows the architecture of UMTS.

To meet the deadline, the ETSI is following a phased approach in hopes of allowing capabilities to improve over time following the initial system introduction. At launch, terrestrial UMTS will have the capability for data rates up to 2Mb/s. However, UMTS is designed as an open system that should allow for evolution to incorporate new technologies as they become standardized.

UMTS CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES:- Some of the critical technologies essential for the successful introduction of UMTS are described below:

1)UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA):-

The ETSI decision in January 1998 on the radio access technique for UMTS combined two technologies. The W-CDMA for paired-spectrum bands and TD-CDMA for unpaired band². The idea was to develop a common standard to ensure an optimum solution for all the different operating environments and service needs .

The transmission rate capability of UTRA will provide at least 144 Kbit/s for full mobility applications in all environments, 384 Kb/s for limited mobility applications in the macro- and micro-cellular environments, and 2.048 Mb/s for low mobility applications particularly in micro-cellular environments. The 2.048 Mb/s rate may also be available for short range or packet applications in the macro-cellular environment, depending on deployment strategies, radio network planning, and spectrum availability.

2)Multi-mode Second Generation/UMTS Terminals:-

UMTS terminals will exist in a world of multiple standards that will enable operators to offer maximum capacity and coverage to their user base by combining UTRA with second- or third-generation standards. Therefore, operators will need terminals that are able to interwork with legacy infrastructures such as GSM/DCS2800 and DECT, as well as other second-generation, worldwide standards (such as those based on the US AMPS standard) because these may initially have more complete coverage than UMTS. Many UMTS terminals will therefore be multi-band and multi-mode. Building such terminals at a cost which is comparable to contemporary single-mode, second-generation terminals will become possible because of technological advances in semiconductor integration, radio architectures, and software radio.

3)Satellite Systems:-

At initial service launch in 2002, the satellite component of UMTS will be able to provide a global coverage capability. Implementation plans call for utilization of the S-band Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) frequency allocations identified for satellite IMT2000 and will provide services compatible with the terrestrial UMTS system .

4)SIM Cards/Smart cards:-

GSM introduced the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or Smart Card. SIM technology incorporates enhanced security and a degree of user customization to the mobile terminal. SIM requirements, security algorithms, card and silicon IC technology will continue to evolve up to and during the period of UMTS deployment . The smart card industry anticipates being able to offer cards with greater memory capacity, faster CPU performance, contactless operation, and greater capability for encryption. These advances will allow the UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) to add to the UMTS service package by providing portable high security data storage and transmission for users. In addition, the users will be able to store, down or upload images, signatures, personal files, fingerprint or other biometrics data through the card. Contactless cards will allow the users to perform business transactions such as electronic commerce or electronic ticketing without having to be removed from a wallet or phone .Electronic commerce and banking activities, utilizing smart cards, is expected to become widespread. Users will expect and be able to use their cards on any terminal over any network. New memory technologies can be expected to increase card memory sizes making larger programs and more data storage feasible. Several applications and service providers could be accommodated on one card. In theory, the users could decide which applications/services they want on their cards, much as they do for their desktop computers’ hard disks .

5)Internet Protocol (IP) Compatibility:-

UMTS is a modular concept that takes advantage of the trend towards convergence of fixed and mobile networks and services, enabling a host of new applications. For example, a laptop with an integrated UMTS communications module becomes a general-purpose communications and computing device for broadband Internet access, voice, video telephony, and conferencing for either mobile, office, or residential use.UMTS may well become the most flexible broadband access technology available, as it allows for mobile, office and residential use in a wide range of public and non-public networks. The system can support both IP and non-IP traffic in a variety of modes including packet circuit switched and virtual circuit². UMTS will be able to benefit from parallel work by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) who is further extending its basic set of IP standards for mobile communication . New developments like IP version 6 allows parameters such as quality of service, bit rate, and bit error rate (BER), vital for mobile operation, to be set by the operator or service provider. Developments on new domain name structures are also taking place. These new structures will increase the usability and flexibility of the system, providing unique addressing for each user, independent of terminal application or location .

6)Cross platform interoperability:-

The need for the ability to transport multimedia content over various types of networks requires industry to develop cross-platform interoperability because the properties of the networks may have an effect on the content of the transmission. In many cases several different kind of networks will be cascaded (i.e. Ethernet, ATM, X.25 and UMTS) .

7)API and Development toolbox:-

It is expected that rapid development and deployment of new and innovative services will drive the UMTS market. A key enabler in this area will be the standardization of the UMTS application-programming interface (API). API allows for abstraction of both the terminal and the network. It will also provide a generic way for applications to access terminals and networks. The API will allow the same application to be used on a wide variety of terminals and will also provide a common method of interfacing applications to UMTS networks. The API will support security, billing, subscriber information, service management, call management, SIM management user interaction and content translation. It is expected that the API will build upon and extend today’s technologies (i.e. Java, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), GSM SIM Toolkit and Internet technologies) that exploit convergence with other emerging technologies for consumer products (such as digital televisions).

8)Client server architecture:-

One of the primary drivers for UMTS is service differentiation. UMTS allows network operators to market products based on more than just coverage and

capacity issues. The key to this benefit is the ability to develop and offer new products and features in short timescales, without requiring modifications from infrastructure suppliers.

figure shows client server architecture of UMTS.

Many new developments in the IT industry are based on a client/server technology, which allows intelligence to be downloaded transparently from a server into the user’s terminal. The technology provides direct and immediate high performance user interaction and interpretation. On the other hand, tasks that must remain centralized, such as database residence, are held on central servers waiting to rapidly and efficiently respond to queries from the clients. However, in the mobile industry, intelligent terminals and USIM card will allow personalization of the user interface and provision of features not possible with basic terminals in today’s client/server networks. As roaming traffic continues to increase, the ability to provide such features independently of the serving network will become increasingly important. Existing and evolving GSM standards, such as SIM Toolkit and Mobile Execution Environment, together with other initiatives such as WAP, provide the framework for delivering this enhanced client/server approach. The user of an object-oriented language such as Java is attractive because it is platform and operating system independent, and optimizes the download .

9)Customer Care and Billing Systems:-

UMTS will operate in a very different environment than today’s mobile systems. Customer care and billing are inextricably linked. These systems must be able to effectively operate with all UMTS users and providers in a customer-friendly manner. For UMTS, a bill will no longer be just a dun but, instead, a key part of a highly sophisticated approach to customer care across all provider services. Convergence will not only require the interoperation of fixed, mobile, satellite, private and public systems but also the integration of players from non-telecommunications fields such as finance, entertainment, and the news media. This will require a harmonized solution to customer care and billing systems despite very different legacy practices.

The competitive services market will demand multiple flexible interconnections between players and roles. Seamless delivery will require a unification of management and a means to provide interworking without a prior relationship. Significantly higher levels of automation and timeliness will be required to support the billing and customer care operations. In addition, fraud management will need to be applied across the whole value chain. Charging and billing will need to mature as concepts and practices.

BENEFITS OF UMTS: what it offers?:-

Corporate use of UMTS (including global mobile access to Intranets) will be a key driver for UMTS. Businesses will demand greater flexibility for customization and more devolved service control to optimize productivity and operational efficiencies within corporate networks. UMTS subscriber and network management capabilities will offer enhanced capabilities to meet these new and evolving requirements .

The body of literature on UMTS indicates that it offers the promise of being a significant advancement in mobile communications technology. UMTS is being designed to ensure flexibility is presented to users, network operators and service developers. UMTS will offer significant benefits in communication abilities including:

• Ease of use and low cost;

• New and better services;

• Packet transmission and data rates on demand; and

• Improved mobility and coverage.

1)Ease of use and low costs:- Wireless customers want useful services, easy-to-use terminals and good value for money, UMTS is envisioned to offer services that are easy to use and customizable in order to address individual user needs and preferences. Terminals and other customized equipment will be available to allow easy access to these services. A wide array of inexpensive, available terminals and other periphery will be available. Costs for the actual UMTS service are projected to be low enough to ensure a mass market and provider competition.

2)New and better services:- Market studies show that voice will remain the dominant service for existing fixed and mobile telephone networks, including GSM, through 2005. Users will demand low-cost, high-quality voice service from UMTS. However, the opportunity for increased revenues through UMTS comes from offering advanced data and information services. Long term, industry forecasts for UMTS show a strongly growing multimedia subscriber base by the year 2010.

3)Fast access:- One factor, which clearly sets UMTS above the second-generation mobile systems, is its potential to support 2Mb/s data rates for users from the outset. This capability, together with inherent Internet Protocol (IP) support of UMTS, is a powerful combination to deliver interactive multimedia services as well as other new wideband applications such as video telephony and video conferencing.

As the demand for user data rates increases in the long term, UMTS will be developed to support even higher data rates, perhaps one or two orders of magnitude greater. In later phases of UMTS development, there will be a convergence with even higher data rate systems using mobile wireless Local Area Network (LAN) technologies (microwave or infrared) providing data rates of for example 155 Mb/s in indoor environments .

4)Packet transmission and data rate on demand.:-Most cellular systems in use today use circuit-switched technology for wireless data transmission. However, UMTS integrates packet and circuit data transmission. Packet data over the airwaves provides the user several benefits:

• Virtual connectivity to the network at all times;

• Alternative ways of billing. For example, pay-per-bit, per session or flat rate per month; and

• Asymmetric bandwidth in the uplink and downlink. As demanded by many emerging data services where one link direction carries simple commands and the other carries and content rich, bandwidth intensive traffic (for example Web browsing or video transmission).

UMTS is also being designed to offer data rate on demand, where the network reacts flexibly to a user’s demands based upon his or her profile and the current status of the network. The use of packet-oriented transport protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP) for UMTS is being studied now. The combination of packet data and data rate on demand will remove technical barriers for the user and make operation of the system much cheaper. Simply put, there should be no worries about how and when to connect to the network.

UMTS services are based on standardized service capabilities, which are common throughout all UMTS user and radio environments. This means that a user will experience a consistent set of services even when he or she roams from his or her home network to other UMTS operators. Users will find the same interface, whether they are in their home network or roaming. The Virtual Home Environment (VHE) will ensure the delivery of the service provider’s total environment, including for example, a corporate user’s virtual work environment, independent of the user’s location or mode of access (satellite or terrestrial).

VHE will also enable terminals to negotiate functionality with the visited network, possibly even downloading software so that it will provide “home- like” service. The ultimate goal is that all networks, signaling, connection, registration and any other technology should be transparent to the user so that mobile multimedia services are simple, user friendly and effective.

Mobility and Coverage:- UMTS has been designed from the outset to be a global system, comprising both national terrestrial and global satellite components. Through multi-mode, multi-band terminals it can use 2nd generation systems to extend its coverage for basic services. The overall goal of the system offering is to achieve truly personal communications using terminals that are able to roam from a private cordless or fixed network (Figure 1). A second goal is to achieve this with a consistent delivery of the services via VHE.

Figure 1. UMTS Coverage is Universal (Leino, 1999).

The UMTS radio access system UTRA will support operation with high spectral efficiency and service quality in all the physical environments in which wireless and mobile communication take place. Today’s users live in a multi-dimensional world, moving between indoor, outdoor urban and outdoor rural environments with a degree of mobility ranging from stationary through pedestrian up to very high vehicular speeds. There are also different user density environments, including three-dimensional situations in high-rise buildings. UTRA has been specified for all these environments.

Limitations of UMTS:-

In practical implementations of UMTS, some users may be unable to access the highest data rates at all times. For example, the physical constraints of radio propagation and the economics of operating a network will mean that the system services might only support lower data rates in remote or heavily congested areas. Therefore, in order to ensure that the subscriber is always able to use their terminal, services will be adaptive to different data rate availability and other Quality of Service parameters.

In the early stages of UMTS deployment, traffic will probably be generated predominantly in locations such as airports and railway stations which operators will cover immediately following network launch. However, users will want full coverage so that they can access their services wherever they are . To offer this, UMTS technology is being defined to enable roaming with other networks. For example a GSM system operated by the same operator or alternatively by roaming agreements with other networks such as other GSM based systems or other third generation systems including UMTS compatible satellite networks, which will effectively be able to offer global coverage.

The limitations are,

1)Risk of further regulation:- There is a certain anxiety that an attempt to achieve circulation by means of administrative measures may lead to heavier regulation of UMTS (e.g. in the form of complicated procedures or excessive marking). Therefore, current efforts are intended to take care to aim to simplify regulation in all circulation measures.

2)Standardization:- Standardization will remain a key factor in providing quality services at an affordable cost and enabling roaming between systems. The success of UMTS depends upon the flexibility of interfaces and the capacity to evolve in parallel with technological development. Continued close co-operation between operators, manufacturers and regulators in the standardization of UMTS/IMT 2000 is crucial for successful harmonization of standardization proposals.

UMTS in the Long Term:-

In order to ensure that UMTS flourishes in the long term, its capabilities must be progressively increased by the addition of new technologies. These technologies are discussed below.

1)Re-configurable Terminals:- UMTS terminals will have to exist in a world of multiple standards, both second-generation standards and other members of the IMT-2000 family. In order to provide universal coverage, seamless roaming and non standardized services will no longer have fixed parameters, rather they will be in the form of a “toolbox” whereby the key parameters can be selected or negotiated to match the requirements of the local radio channel.

In addition to the capability to adapt to different standards as described above, terminals will enable network operators to distribute new communications software via download over the air in order to improve the terminals’ performance in the network or to fix minor problems (e.g. an improved handover algorithm). This aspect of software downloads will generally be invisible to the user.

2)Application and Service Download:- When using today’s multimedia terminals (e.g. PCs), users have accepted the idea that the capabilities of the terminal can be modified over time through a software download. It is now commonplace for a user to download a new “plug in” (for example a video or audio code) to access new types of content. The introduction of multimedia services on UMTS will take this concept into the mobile domain. UMTS “plug ins” will come from a variety of sources, for example:

• Pre-installed on the users’ terminal by the network operator or service provider;

• Downloaded over the air, at the user’s request or automatically by the network – much as today, where many Internet service providers upgrade one’s software or databases during a session; and

• Supplied on media such as DVD or CD-ROM.

Smart Antennas:- Smart antennas react intelligently to the received radio signal, continually modifying their parameters to optimize the transmitted and received signal. This allows them to:

• Increase coverage and capacity by reducing interference between adjacent mobiles;

• Offer space division multiple access, where frequencies are assigned on a per-mobile rather than a per-cell basis allowing vastly increased capacity; and

• Enable user location in space, allowing the introduction of advanced location based services.

Broadband Satellite Systems:- Several broadband satellite systems are also planned for deployment in the post-2002 timeframe to offer data rates beyond 2Mb/s and into the Gigabits domain. Some of these systems may offer compatibility with UMTS service concepts using satellite frequency allocations in the 20-30 GHz range. The requirements of the terminal equipment and higher power consumption will necessitate larger size transportable or fixed terminals or smaller electronic components.

CONCLUSIONS:-

UMTS appears to offer significant benefits to personal and commercial endeavors. Technologies are being put in place to bring it into the mobile community. A phased introduction of UMTS hardware and services with coverage, capability and number of operators growing over time. This phased introduction ensures early availability of services to users while reducing risks for UMTS operators and manufacturers.

UMTS must be capable of co-existing and working with existing second-generation mobile communications technologies so that operators can choose to reuse their existing infrastructure assets and expertise. Global availability of UMTS servers will be ensured by providing for roaming between members of the IMT-2000 family and handover between GSM and UMTS. A number of technologies are required, in addition to the radio interface on which so much focus has been placed recently. Although most current attention is focused on the early years of deployment, UMTS is being defined with a view to the long term.

UMTS is a significant opportunity for manufacturers, operators, and content providers as a communications system and as a part of the greater information society. The vision of UMTS is as a customer-focused system, where customers include both network operators and end users. The challenge to the communications industry is to integrate the technologies needed for UMTS in a way which supports this goal and thereby transforms the vision for UMTS into reality.

Matt Sharp asked:


In the world of smartphones, it’s not unfair to say that Windows Mobile is one of the premier operating systems that mobile phones can be built around. There are two big contenders for the title of best Windows Mobile phone, at the minute: the Sony Ericsson X1 and the Samsung i900 Omnia. But which one is best? Let’s put them to the test and find out!

Samsung i900 Omnia – Windows Mobile for the masses

Announced a couple of days before Apple launched the iPhone 3G (hmm, do I spot a bit of attention-grabbing), the Samsung i900 Omnia is a beautifully powerful, incredibly good-looking mobile phone. Sitting within a sleek, metal shell, it’s following the pattern of an increasing number of mobile phones, and stripping down the number of keys, focusing instead on just a touchscreen interface. Also, like an increasing number of mobile phones, Samsung have taken Windows Mobile, and put their own interface on top of it, making the insides look as good as the outside (not literally, obviously. If you take a Samsung i900 Omnia apart, you’ll find cables and circuit boards, which aren’t noted for being sexy). Not only has it got a slick interface, but the hardware features are spot on, with 5 megapixel camera, HSDPA, and GPS. It’s fair to say the Samsung i900 Omnia is one of the most powerful mobile phones going.

Sony Ericsson X1 – the first of a new breed

The Sony Ericsson X1 is a mobile phone of firsts, in more than one way. For one thing, it’s the first phone in Sony Ericsson’s new Xperia range of mobile phones. For another, it’s the first EVER Sony Ericsson mobile phone to be built around Windows Mobile (with the almost obligatory personalised interface on top). Finally, it’s first mobile phone (not just from Sony Ericsson, from anybody), to feature the innovative ‘arc slider’ design. What’s that? Well, when you slide out the screen, to unveil the QWERTY keyboard, it doesn’t slide in a straight line, but instead, it arcs slightly upwards, angling the screen so you can see it more easily, while you’re typing. Massive kudos go to Sony Ericsson for that, since it’s such a useful, clever feature, I genuinely can’t believe we’ve never seen it on any other mobile phones before now. In terms of hardware on the Sony Ericsson X1, you get a 3 megapixel camera, HSDPA and WiFi, GPS and that aforementioned QWERTY keyboard, all wrapped up in a gorgeous (and I mean properly gorgeous) metal body.

Sony Ericsson or Samsung – which should YOU buy?

So, when it comes down to it, which of these two super-powered mobile phones should you drop your cash for? Should you go for the sleek, slim Samsung, or should you go for the more functional, but equally **** Sony Ericsson? If you compare the two mobile phones, some conclusions should become apparent. For example, take the cameras in both mobile phones. The Samsung clearly wins that fight, as it has a much higher res camera than the Sony Ericsson. However, after the camera, the Sony Ericsson REALLY comes into its own. The simple fact that the Sony Ericsson X1 has a QWERTY keyboard is a massive plus point over the Samsung, even if the Samsung is the slimmer of the two mobile phones. The keyboard adds that much more ease of use, that it’s basically an essential feature. Finally, there are two areas that the Sony Ericsson absolutely canes the Samsung in. First, the speed. The Sony Ericsson X1 appears one of the fastest, smoothest Windows Mobile phones I’ve ever seen, and although the Samsung is good, it’s just not quite AS good. Finally, there’s the screen. The Samsung has a slightly better one, but the Sony Ericsson has FOUR times the screen resolution, completely dwarfing the Samsung. And for that reason, of these two gorgeous mobile phones, the Sony Ericsson X1 is the absolute, and outright winner!

Fuizy Martin asked:


High Tech Computer Corporation established in the year 1997, of course not so far back, manufactures high end mobile phones. Still, these are one of the best selling mobile phones in the market.

Launching its first mobile phone in the year 2002, it’s best known for its finger –touch mobile phone – HTC Touch. With a inbuilt Touch FLO (Touch FLO feature enables easy finger touch access to web pages, documents, messages and contact lists. Capable of distinguishing between finger and stylus input, it was one of the most advanced Windows feature installed at the time of launch). The mobile phones manufactured by HTC are basically feature rich touch phones, PDA or smart phones. Till today, HTC is running on the same lines.

The basic gadgets which HTC produces are Touch Phones, PDA Phones, Smart Phones and Mobile Computer. In Touch Phone comes the series Of Touch HD, Touch 3G, Touch Viva, Diamond CDMA, Touch Diamond, Touch Cruise, Touch Dual and Touch. In PDA Series, the models come out as 818 Pro, D600, C800, P3400i, TyTN II, P3470, P4350, P3350, P3000, P3400 and P3300. In Smart phones there are only there in the series – S720, S710 and C720W.

The Mobile Computer produced by HTC sells under the model name U1000. HTC mobile phones have the uniqueness of Windows installed in them, making them the best featured mobiles for business man. The Touch screens give them an added advantage. The next generation mobile phones are an art to speak of. Best in terms of quality and features, these are among the best selling mobiles worldwide.

One can buy these mobile phones from HTC showrooms (which unfortunately are very less in India) or from online shopping stores like themobilestore.in which keeps all kinds of best brands. Not only you will find the model of HTC model you want on this site but will also get discount at the listed price. You can surf the entire site and look for the one which you wish to purchase. For this, the only thing you need to do is to log on the website of the online mobile shopping store.

Matt Sharp asked:


HTC have announced that they plan on letting users of the three most recent WinMo phones upgrade to version 6.5 when it comes out. Let’s check out the three phones the upgrade will be available for.

HTC Touch Diamond2

The HTC Touch Diamond2 actually does a very good job of making it so you don’t have to go into standard Windows menus that often, as on top of the operating system, the interface is HTC’s patented TouchFLO 3D setup, where everything is achieved through various finger swipes and sweeping gestures. It is truly intuitive, and it’s the reason why the HTC Touch Diamond2 is such an unmitigated joy to use. Of course, it’s not all about being pretty, a phone needs to have decent features and the HTC Touch Diamond2 has them in spades, from the 5 megapixel camera, through GPS, to incredibly fast HSDPA internet access (not to mention the superb Opera Mobile web browser). To many, the HTC Touch Diamond2 is the ultimate Windows Mobile phone and it’s only set to get better when it becomes upgradable to Windows Mobile 6.5.

HTC Touch Pro2

Next up is the HTC Touch Pro2, and here, you get the added benefit of a QWERTY keyboard. However, like the previous TyTN II, with the HTC Touch Pro2, you can also tilt the screen up after sliding it open, putting it at a more natural viewing angle. In terms of other hardware, the HTC Touch Pro2 also gives you a 5 megapixel camera, HSDPA internet access (as well as WiFi), and GPS, putting it right up there in the top echelon of mobile phones. Software-wise, the HTC Touch Pro2 is powered by Windows Mobile, but, like an increasing number of Windows Mobile phones, it uses a proprietary interface on top (TouchFLO 3D, again, as with the Touch Diamond2), that takes the power of Windows Mobile, and makes it user-friendly. All in all, the HTC Touch Pro2 is one incredible mobile phone.

HTC Snap

So, both the HTC Touch Diamond2 and the QWERTY-enabled HTC Touch Pro2 will be upgradable to Windows Mobile 6.5 when it gets released. But HTC aren’t stopping there; they’re also letting non-touchscreen users upgrade, if they have the email-centric HTC Snap. Anyone who’s used Windows Mobile before will know it’s exceptionally good at emails and info management, and the HTC Snap is no exception to that rule. You get the same excellent POP3 and Exchange Server (for your corporate emails) support, but the HTC Snap also includes something new: Inner Circle. This is a new feature for the HTC Snap, that lets you set an Inner Circle of friends or important people, and automatically prioritises emails from them, to make sure you get the emails that matter the most, first.

Brooke Coin asked:


Since unlocking cell phones have been already approved many GSM phones are now being unlocked. If you know what to do you can unlock you cell phone in just a matter of minutes. Some people will send their cell phone to a company that offers unlocking service and will have to wait for the time that their cell phone will be sent back to them as an unlocked cell phone.

For T-Mobile phones, if you have been using your cell phone for ninety days already or you just do not have enough time to have your T-Mobile cell phone unlocked then you can request for an unlock code from your carrier. You simply make a call to their technical support line then ask the agent to provide you with an unlock code. When they ask you why you need an unlock code, you tell them that you are going to travel and you want to use the phone with a foreign SIM card. If they refuse to give you an unlock code you should demand for it because in the first place you bough their cell phone and in return they should provide you with what you need.

For older models of Nokia phones such as 1100, 6820, 6830 or even 765, you can use an online calculator to come up with your unlocked code. For you to be able to have an unlocked cell phone follow the instructions provided to you on how to use the online calculator and how to produce your unlock code. To search for the website that will provide you with the instruction in the search box of a search engine type-in the phrase “online calculator for unlock code” or you can try “online calculator to unlock phone”. This search will most likely provide you with numerous numbers of websites that lists the instruction.

For the major or known mobile phones such as Sony Ericsson, Cingular, Treo, other LG phones and smart phones from HTC it can be an unlocked cell phone just by downloading or purchasing an unlocking software online and a customized cable. The software works by connecting to a number of databases that store unlock codes. The user is then asked to specify the model and manufacturer of the locked mobile phone then in a matter of minutes the proper unlock code for the mobile phone is provided. The cost for this method of unlocking cell phones can range from $15 – $16.

But because unlocking cell phone has become so popular today mobile phone manufacturers are now making sure that their mobile phones will not be unlocked easily. New mobile phones when unlocked either require a change in modifications of the mobile phone’s hardware. When this is the case the mobile phone is sent to an expert to be configured the mobile phone is then dent back in an unlocked cell phone state already. This is beneficial for the users who are not experts on mobile phones or gadgets and the service can cost the consumers $25.